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What's the difference between HNSW and IVF vector indexes?

HNSW (Hierarchical Navigable Small World) builds a layered graph where each layer skips long-distance connections, so search descends through layers narrowing the candidate set 1 . IVF (Inverted File) clusters vectors with k-means and only searches a handful of nearby clusters at query time 2 . HNSW typically gets higher recall at the same latency, but IVF uses less memory and is easier to update incrementally 3 .

Sources

wikipedia.org

pinecone.io

github.com

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      HNSW builds a layered graph
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